PDF signed with a self-signed certificate

The document is signed with a self-signed certificate that no certificate authority vouches for. Unlike self-signed VBA macro signing (a real attacker trick), self-signed PDF sealing is a mainstream-legitimate pattern — invoicing and document services seal PDFs with self-signed certs for integrity, not CA-backed identity. So this is informational context (surfaced as the signature box's 'Self-signed' status) and does not affect the risk score; tampering surfaces as PDF_SIGNATURE_INVALID instead.